The complexity of the retina, from its precise multi-layered structure to its various cell types and function, will be discussed briefly in this overview. 2 Inner limiting membrane (ILM): is the boundary between the vitreous humor in the posterior The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. This inner nuclear layer of animal retina is formed by mainly the cell bodies of bipolar neurons and also by the horizontal and amacrine cells. Internal limiting membrane layer of animal retina. -, Lukowski SW, Lo CY, Sharov AA, Nguyen Q, Fang L, Hung SS, Zhu L, Zhang T, Grnert U, Nguyen T, Senabouth A, Jabbari JS, Welby E, Sowden JC, Waugh HS, Mackey A, Pollock G, Lamb TD, Wang PY, Hewitt AW, Gillies MC, Powell JE, Wong RC. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. This basal lamina is also known as the bruchu membrane of chroid), There you may find the deep folding of plasmamembrane at the base of this pigment epithelium cells. 1 The outer segmentsof rodinclude a set of membranous discs that resemble a stack of coins. Guidelines for Authors Basic Ophthalmology. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. #2. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted decreases toward the periphery (i.e., with increasing distance from the Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. of cells (and resulting thickness of the retina) Functional architecture of the retina: development and disease. You can read the details below. Acknowledging the elements in this article may help guide future investigations towards specific therapeutic targets to help prevent, preserve, and treat irreversible vision loss. The function of the retina is to convert visual stimuli from the outside environment into neural impulses that are transmitted to the cerebral cortex via the optic nerve for interpretation and analysis. 2014 Aug;121(8):1572-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.02.023. Emi K, Kobayashi Y, Chujo S, Fujioka C, Yokoyama M. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. Histopathology shows inner ischemic retinal atrophy (NFL, GCL, inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer) after occlusion of retinal circulation Outer ischemic retinal atrophy is indicative of an occlusion of choroidal circulation Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO) Fundus photo Partial retinal ischemia Usually from embolic phenomenon Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. [9], Retinal ganglion cells: These cells present as having a large cell body with a dendritic tree. Follow Advertisement Recommended Suraj chhetri retina Suraj Chhetri 5.8k views 91 slides We've updated our privacy policy. Cells and Tissues. Fine, if you want to know more about the rod and cone cells of retina, please find the information given below of this article. Relate retinal detachment to embryonic development of the eye. Tap here to review the details. Ophthalmology. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Disclaimer, and horizontal cells are important in the initial stages of visual processing, Typical Peripheral Cystoid Degeneration (TPCD), Congenital Hypertrophy of the RPE (CHRPE), ETHICS / RESEARCH / STATISTICS / GENETICS, Formed by junctions between photoreceptors and Mueller cells, High metabolic activity with nourishment obtained from choroid, Rhodopsin of rod cells and iodopsins of cone cells absorb photons, causing the molecule to change from the cis to trans conformation. Anatomy of Retina by Robin Singh ( BMCO ), Anatomy and functions of pigmentary epithelium, Courtesy Dr. Julie Gralow1LO 1 Define neuroscience a.docx, Neural control and coordination ppt presentation class 11 biology ncert based, a first course in fourier analysis-kammler.pdf, Cleaning Validation - A lifecycle approach.pdf, Unit_Cells_and_Crystal_Structures_presentation_-_Nano-Link.pdf, molar mass and percentage composition.pptx, Role of chitosan in Post Harvest Disease Management, Statistical models for the integration of multiple omics datasets, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. Organs are assembled from the four basic types of tissues and have cells with specialized functions. Velbel MA, Cockell CS, Glavin DP, Marty B, Regberg AB, Smith AL, Tosca NJ, Wadhwa M, Kminek G, Meyer MA, Beaty DW, Carrier BL, Haltigin T, Hays LE, Agee CB, Busemann H, Cavalazzi B, Debaille V, Grady MM, Hauber E, Hutzler A, McCubbin FM, Pratt LM, Smith CL, Summons RE, Swindle TD, Tait KT, Udry A, Usui T, Westall F, Zorzano MP. And its photoreceptor. doi: 10.1089/AST.2021.0113. Open source ophthalmology education for students, residents, fellows, healthcare workers, and clinicians. government site. Although cells of the pigmented EMBO J. Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. Currently, it is curated by Michael Hortsch, Ph.D. Produced by the Moran Eye Center in partnership with the Eccles Library, Oblique orientation of axons in outer plexiform layer forming Henles layer, Silver-wiring from hypertensive retinopathy, Optic disc swelling from hypertensive retinopathy, Cross-section of atherosclerotic central retinal artery, Trypsin-digest showing microaneurysms from loss of pericytes, Cotton-wool spots in Ganglion Cell and Nerve-fiber layers, Swollen ganglion cells in cotton-wool spot, Fundus photo of neovascularization elsewhere (NVE), Scarring and hemorrhage from neovascularization, Boat-shaped, pre-retinal hemorrhage in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, Neovascularization of iris (NVI), also known as rubeosis iridis, Lacy vacuolization of iris pigment epithelium, PAS stain showing thickened basement membrane of ciliary body epithelium, Fluorescein angiogram of Sickle cell or Eales disease, Fundus photo of full-thickness macular hole, Magnified fundus photo of macular hole with fixation rod, Stage 3 Full thickness defect w/ rounded edges, Red-free fundus photo of epiretinal membrane, Fundus photo of confluent drusen around the fovea, Sub-RPE and subretinal neovascularization, Larger sub-RPE and subretinal neovascularization. Author: macula). -, Coughlin BA, Feenstra DJ, Mohr S. Mller cells and diabetic retinopathy. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Histopathology of sub-RPE neovascularization All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Investigative ophthalmology. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'anatomylearner_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_7',121,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-anatomylearner_com-medrectangle-4-0');Hey there, do you want to learn retina histology with different layers description along with labeled diagram? Name the three layers of the eye, and describe the components of each at the level of the retina, lens and iris, and cornea. SIUC / School This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The paraffin technique is the most common way to prepare a histological slide, and follows the following steps: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. They can then be stored in sucrose at 20C for cryoprotection until use. Bipolar cells: Bipolar cells are unique in that they have both a dendritic process above and an axon terminal below. The retina (histology and physiology) Jun. Register now Optic nerve fiber layer of retina and, #10. Again, the monosynaptic bipolar cell which make synapse with only one photoreceptor cell, In this inner pleaxiform layer of retina histology, you will find the following synaptic contacts in animals retina, #1. The Cell. In this video, David Hsu (MS4) gives a brief overview of the histology of the retina, including the retinal layers, the role of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the vascular supply and zones of the retina. Eye. Trinh M, Eshow N, Alonso-Caneiro D, Kalloniatis M, Nivison-Smith L. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. National Library of Medicine Accessibility 1970 Jan;69(1):111-7. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(70)91862-3. 2022 Oct 3;63(11):12. doi: 10.1167/iovs.63.11.12. Histology of Retina Jun. Again, if you like this retina histology description, I would like to request you to share this article with your friends who want to learn about 10 layers of retina. The diffuse bipolar which have synapse with more than one photoreceptors cell. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'anatomylearner_com-box-4','ezslot_11',122,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-anatomylearner_com-box-4-0');You will get the real retina labeled pictures and 10 layers of retina histology ppt from this article. AIDS), Clinical appearance: pizza pie with tomato ketchup, Hemorrhages with areas of ischemia and whitening, Histology: retinal necrosis followed by thin fibroglial scar with healing, Acute lesions: large eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions within enlarged neurons (ganglion cells), Can infect vascular endothelium, retinal neurons, and macrophages, Occurs in both healthy and immunocompromised, Histology: anterior chamber and vitreous inflammation, significant obliterative retinal vasculitis, retinal necrosis, Viral inclusions in retinal cells seen on EM, PCR of aqueous or vitreous quickly identifies viral cause, Infectious endophthalmitis: vitreous inflammation due to infectious agents (bacteria, fungi), Bacterial endophthalmitis: neutrophilic infiltration of vitreous, Leads to liquefaction of vitreous and then posterior vitreous detachment, Severe inflammation may lead to fibrocellular membrane in the retrolental space, causing traction on the peripheral retina, Gross opacification and infiltration of vitreous, Histology: cellular infiltration of vitreous, Rare genetic disease that causes calcification and fragmentation of elastic tissue, Angioid streaks are focal breaks in Bruch membrane, Group of inherited retinal diseases featuring photoreceptor and RPE dysfunction leading to progressive visual field loss, Inheritance can be sporadic, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked, Rhodopsin gene (RHO) mutation is most common cause in autosomal dominant disease, Clinical triad of pallorous disc, attenuated vasculature, and bony spicules, Bony spicules formed when pigment released from RPE deposits along vessels, Cone photoreceptors rarely affected directly by identified mutations, but degenerate secondarily to rods, Histology: photoreceptor loss, RPE hyperplasia, migration of RPE pigment around retinal vessels, Late findings: vessel wall thickening and hyalinization, diffuse or sectoral optic nerve atrophy, gliosis, Development of cystic spaces in outer plexiform layer, Typical Degenerative Retinoschisis: forms when these cystic spaces coalesce and the retina splits along the outer plexiform layer, Originates from Reticular Peripheral Cystoid Generation (RPCD), RPCD: cystic spaces in nerve fiber layer, less common than TPCD, usually posterior to sites of TPCD, Reticular Degenerative Retinoschisis: retina splits along nerve fiber layer, Occurs in up to 10% of general population, very few of whom develop RD, 40% of rhegmatogenous detachments occur in the setting of lattice degeneration, Discontinuous internal limiting membrane (ILM), Sclerotic, but physiologically patent, retinal vessels, Vitreous condensation and adherence at margins, Some degree of atrophy of underlying retina, Atrophic holes often develop in center of lattice, but rarely causes RD due to lack of vitreous traction, RD with lattice usually due to vitreous traction at lesion margin, Radial perivascular degeneration: lattice degeneration posteriorly along course of retinal vessels, Ischemia of outer retina and RPE from occlusion of choriocapillaris, Clinical findings: well-demarcated, flat, pale lesions in peripheral retina near ora serrata, Histopathology: atrophy of outer retina and RPE, inner nuclear layer adherent to Bruch membrane, sharp boundary between normal and abnormal retina, Incomplete development of retinal vasculature in periphery contributes to retinal ischemia, Oxygen-induced vasoconstriction may also contribute, Part of differential diagnosis of bilateral leukocoria along with congenital cataracts, Hemorrhages and vessel dilation only in severe cases (ie. In this study, we present first data concerning the morphological observations of the orbital region, eye tunics, upper and lower eyelids, superficial gland of the third eyelid with the third eyelid, and lacrimal gland in captive adult male Asiatic black bear. The hyperpolarization at photoreceptor membrane is transmitted by bipolar cells in the inner nuclear layer to ganglion cells, which project to the lateral geniculate body. An understanding of the histology of the retina is essential to consider for complete insight into diseases involving a vital sensory component in the eye. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Histology stains are used to colour different structures within the cells. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! J Neurosci. Histology slides epithelial tissue The epithelium is classified according to the number of cell layers and morphology of the surface cells. Histologically, the macula is defined as the area where the ganglion cell layer is greater than one cell layer thick. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Please try to memorize these 10 retina layers of animals eye. Careers. Vision research. Read more. Do not sell or share my personal information. Progress in retinal and eye research. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences. The optic vesicle itself collapses into a cup. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1989. Histology slides Diseases of the photoreceptors (rods and cones) are characterizable by their pattern of cellular and visual loss. I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. and transmitted securely. 1983;87(1):74-8. Prog Retin Eye Res. Hope you got the best guide to learn retina histology with anatomy learner. Have pale oval nuclei that is located close to external limiting membrane of retina layers, #3. 2023 By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. It starts the posterior surface of the eyeball and terminates anteriorly at the ora serrata. Share 19K views 2 years ago The retina (Latin: rte) is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs. These slides contain tissue sections that are easily confused with each other. Please identify the bipolar neuron and horizontal cells first from the labeled diagram of retina histology. Formation of neural retina and pigmented epithelium. logo of Smile Avenue Family Dentistry of Katy.pdf, Some Dietary Tips That May Help Alleviate Prostatitis Symptoms.pptx, ERECTIL DYSFUNCTION- SEX PILLS FOR WOMEN.pdf, Reception center at Smile Avenue Family Dentistry of Katy.pdf, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. Student Assignments These 10 retina layers are arranged from outer part from inner part of sensory region of animal retina. They send the information they receive down their axons, which eventually form the optic nerve and project to higher brain centers. I am going to enlist these 10 layers of retina from animal eye with description. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver. These axon coverage and exist at the optic disk of retina and form optic nerve in animals eye. retina forms from the optic vesicle, which evaginates Vision Res. 2017 Oct; [PubMed PMID: 28866025], Puller C,Manookin MB,Neitz M,Neitz J, Specialized synaptic pathway for chromatic signals beneath S-cone photoreceptors is common to human, Old and New World primates. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. contacts the pigmented epithelium Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Other diabetic changes elsewhere in the eye: Thickened corneal epithelium basement membrane: increases risk of corneal abrasion and causes poor corneal epithelial healing, Lacy vacuolization of iris pigment epithelium: glycogen-filled intraepithelial vacuoles (PAS-positive, diastase-sensitive) in focal areas, Thickened pigmented ciliary body epithelium basement membrane, Argon laser photocoagulation: destroys outer retina and RPE, occludes choriocapillaris, Heal by proliferation of adjacent RPE and glial scarring, Most severe in sickle cell hemoglobin C disease (SC disease), Can also occur in sickle thalassemia, sickle disease, and occasionally sickle cell trait, Stage I: peripheral arteriolar occlusion between equator and ora serrata, Stage II: peripheral arteriolar-venular anastomoses, usually in temporal quadrant, Stage III: neovascular and fibrous proliferation, Leakage of neovascular patch on FA produces characteristic sea-fan pattern, Stage IV: vitreous hemorrhage, usually from neovascular patch, Clinical and histologic signs of retinal ischemia due to local hypoxia from occlusion of retinal vasculature by sickled RBCs, Formed by anterior-posterior traction and, Fibrocellular membrane on the inner surface of the retina associated with increased age and posterior vitreous detachment, Usually idiopathic but can occur secondarily to retinal vascular diseases and ocular trauma, Theorized to be caused by glial cells such as astrocytes and Mller cells that facilitate remodeling on the surface of the retina, On exam, ERM appears as a sheen or wrinkling overlying the macula, 60% cases associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in complement factor H (CFH) gene, Risk factors: elderly, smoking, family history, cardiovascular disease, lack of antioxidant supplementation, Drusen: PAS-positive deposits of eosinophilic material, Basal linear deposits: between RPE basement membrane and elastic layer of Bruch, Basal laminar deposits: between RPE cell membrane and basement membrane, Hard (hyaline) drusen: discrete, yellow, PAS-positive nodules, composed of hyaline, can cause RPE drop-out, Bruch membrane is a 5-layered structure that mediates interactions between the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid, Layers from innermost to outermost: RPE basement membrane, inner collagenous layer, elastic layer, outer collagenous layer, choriocapillaris basement membrane, Transport of nutrients and waste to and from the retina, Recycling of rhodopsin via the reisomerization of the retinal molecule from the trans to cis conformation, Physical barrier formed by tight junctions, Soft drusen: amorphous, poorly-demarcated, result from cleavage of deposits from Bruch, Diffuse drusen: confluent deposits, visible by light microscopy, can affect vision, can be pre-cursor to subretinal neovascularization, Basal laminar or cuticular drusen: diffuse, small, regular, nodular, in macula, Calcific drusen: sharp borders, glistening, refractile, associated with RPE atrophy, Photoreceptor atrophy likely secondary to RPE and Bruch membrane changes, Geographic atrophy (GA) or central areolar atrophy of the RPE: large, central zones of RPE atrophy, Dry (nonexudative AMD): drusen, photoreceptor atrophy, RPE atrophy, Abrupt transition zone from atrophic to more normal appearing retina and RPE on histology, Choroidal neovascularization between inner and outer layers of Bruch, under RPE, or in subretinal space, Vessel leakage can cause: macular edema, serous RD, subretinal and intraretinal hemorrhage, Type 1 neovascularization: within Bruch in sub-RPE space, RPE abnormally oriented or completely missing in large area along inner portion of Bruch, Associated with basal laminar deposits and diffuse drusen, Type 2 neovascularization: occurs in subretinal space, Only small area of abnormally oriented or missing RPE, Histology shows vascular channels, photoreceptor outer segments, basal laminar and linear deposits, hyperplastic RPE, and inflammatory cells, Glial scar: glial cells like astrocytes proliferate is areas adjacent to infarct or ischemia, Microglial cells are resistant to ischemia and phagocytose necrotic cells and extracellular material, Disruption of the blood-retinal barrier leads to the accumulation of transudate in the outer plexiform layer (Henles layer), creating the classic flower-petal pattern, Unique appearance of the macula seen in patients with chronic medication use (chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine), cone dystrophy, or Stargardt disease, Finding is not specific and is associated with other conditions as well, Also known as vitelliform macular dystrophy when seen in an adult, Diagnosis: egg-yolk lesion or pigmentary changes in central macula, Electro-oculogram: reduced ratio of light peak to dark trough, Mutation in VMD2 on chromosome 11q13, which encodes bestrophin protein, Bestrophin localizes to basolateral RPE plasma membrane, represents chloride ion channel family, Bestrophins volume sensitive and may help regulate RPE cell volume, Typically autosomal recessive, but autosomal dominant reported, Genetic mutations in ABCA4, STGD4, ELOV4, RDS/peripherin, ABCA4 codes for RIM protein, which is expressed on photoreceptors and transports vitamin A to RPE, Yellow flecks around the macula at level of RPE in pisciform (fish-like) distribution, Geographic RPE atrophy and photoreceptor loss seen in advanced stages, Histology: markedly engorged RPE cells filled with lipofuscin-like, PAS-positive material with apical displacement of RPE melanin granules, Hypertrophic RPE cells correspond with flecks seen clinically, Later disease onset and slower progression, Fundus photos may show more diffuse retinal involvement compared to Stargardt disease, but macula is less involved, Group of inherited macular disorders with various patterns of macular pigment deposition at the RPE, Common genetic mutation of RDS/peripherin gene, Histology: central RPE and photoreceptor loss, pigment-containing macrophages in subretinal space and outer retina, RPE distended with lipofuscin, Butterfly-shaped pattern dystrophy: irregular, butterfly-shaped lesion of depigmentation, Adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy: slightly raised, symmetric, round to oval, yellow lesions, OCT shows elevation of photoreceptor layer, Dystrophic material between photoreceptors and RPE, Also includes reticular dystrophy and fundus pulverulentus, Uncommon, occurs almost always in immunosuppressed patients due to fungemia, Less common pathogens: aspergillus, cryptococcus, Histology: central necrosis surrounded by granulomatous inflammation and lymphocytic infiltrate, Identify pathogen by vulture or fungal features on histopathology, Typical fungal stain: Gomori methenamine-silver nitrate (GMS), stains fungi black, Due to either reactivation of congenitally acquired disease or acquired Toxoplasma in healthy or immunocompromised, Clinical appearance acute: headlights in the fog, Whitish lesion and disc seen through hazy vitreous, Lack of chorioretinal scar suggests newly acquired disease, Clinical appearance Quiescent disease: pigmented lesion containing toxoplasmosis pathogen, may reactivate, Histopathology acute: necrosis, infiltrate of PMNs and lymphocytes, cysts and released tachyzoites, Vitreous and anterior chamber with significant lymphocytic infiltrate, Inner choroid with granulomatous inflammation, Histopathology healed: inflammatory infiltrate, cysts of organisms in retina at edge of chorioretinal scar, Opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed patients (i.e. Copyright 2005-2022. Once vertically sliced, the retina is visualizable with the use of various lab microscopes.[6]. It starts the posterior surface of the eyeball and terminates anteriorly at the ora serrata. Explain the histological basis of glaucoma (including the source and path of flow of aqueous humor). The eyeball consists of three principal layers. Copyright Tissues are classified into four basic types: epithelium, connective tissue (includes cartilage, bone and blood), muscle, and nervous tissue. and transmitted securely. The retina is the innermost of the three coats of the eye. Progress in retinal and eye research. In retina histology, you will find the photosensitive optic part of retina and that is principally composed of two different layers. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Synaptic contacts between the bipolar cells and ganglionic cells, #2.
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